Corrections
Notify the editorial office when an error materially affects interpretation, authorship, a table, a figure or another substantive part of a published article. Explain the issue and provide the proposed correction and supporting evidence. A correction should identify the article, explain the change and preserve the relationship between the original record and the amendment.
Expressions of concern and retractions
An expression of concern may be appropriate while a substantial unresolved issue is examined. Retraction may be appropriate when findings are unreliable, publication is seriously unethical or another major integrity problem cannot be addressed by a correction. A notice should explain the reason and distinguish an honest error from established misconduct when the evidence supports that distinction.
Preserving the record
Ordinarily, notices and the original article remain linked so that readers can understand what happened. Removal of content is reserved for exceptional legal, privacy or safety circumstances. The journal considers concerns regardless of the date of publication and provides authors an opportunity to respond to relevant allegations.